Chapter 2: Phonics Instruction

In this chapter it discussed 5 ways to teach the relationship between graphemes and phonemes, which are the following: graphoemic relationships, letter-sound associations, letter-sound correspondences, sound-symbol correspondences, and sound-spelling. For this to help you will need to teach some groupd togeather like ph can sound like f in phone. Approaches to teaching phonics instruction include: synthetic phonics, analytic phonics, analogy-based phonics, phonics through spelling, embedded phonics, and onset-rime phonics instruction. Reseach has shown that systmeatic and explicit phonics insrtuction is more effective than non-systematic or no phonics instruction, signifying improves kindergarten and first-grade children's word recognition an spelling, significantly improves children's reading comprehension, effective for children form various soical or economic levels, particularly beneficial for children who are having difficulty learning to read, and who are at risk for developing future problems, most effective when introduced early and not an entire reading program for beginning readers. This all summed up means that this program is good for kindergartens and first graders and should only take 2 years to teach. It can be taught any way in classrooms, individually, or in a small group. Also, it is not a full program for teaching, reading, or spelling. For any kids over those ages can use this but doesn't help too much for spelling past that age. When teaching this you need to be able to have kids use it reading, forming sentences, and writing their own stories. Some programs though do not use systematic phonics instruction which include: literature-based programs, basal reading programs, and sight-word programs. Systematic mens the plan of instruction includes a carefully selected set of letter-sound relationships that are organized into a logical sequence. Explict phonics means the programs provide teachers with precise directions for the teaching of these relationships. This help me by showing me how I could help teach them phoincs when we do little reading groups or helping with spelling worksheets.
(Putting Reading First The Research Building Blocks for Teaching Children to Read by Bonnie B. Ambrsuster, Fran Lehr, and Jean Osborn)